Detailed examination of current topics in History.

Main themes of later twentieth-century history, with emphasis on phenomena of global significance: World War II, the postwar economic dispensation, the Cold War, existentialism and feminism, decolonization, Maoism, problems of economic development, and the collapse of the Soviet bloc.

Deals with ideologies such as Marxism, Fascism, Liberalism & Social Democracy. This course also compares nationalism in European and non-European countries.

Trains social sciences, humanities, and history students to use numerical and quantitative data in their fields. Helps students acquire skills in organizing, arranging, and displaying data in social sciences and in quantitative history. Demonstrates the advantages in formulating empirically testable research questions in social sciences. Familiarizes students with the notion of a critical and data-based understanding of causation and correlation. Explains the complementarity between quantitative (i.e., sampling and significance testing, modelling time series and indexing, analyzing relationships between variables) and qualitative (i.e., textual and visual analysis) methods in the social sciences, humanities and particularly history.

The history and the archaeology of the Byzantine imperial capital from its foundation to the Ottoman conquest. The functions of the built environment in relation to both historical time and urban space: the imperial palaces, the public churches, civic ritual and entertainment, economic and social services, the provision of welfare and defense, and the role of monasteries in the life of the community.

Provides a global presentation of the purpose, practices and methodologies in history-writing from the 18th to the 21st century. Examines the professionalization of history as a discipline, the importance of primary sources (such as archives) and of key notions such as causality, truth, interpretation and objectivity in history-writing.

An introduction into the history of modern political ideology by focusing on three (not all) important ideologies or ideology families of the twentieth century: Liberalism (and Neoliberalism), Socialism (and Social Democracy and Communism), and fascism (as a global phenomenon, that is including Italian Fascism, German Nazism, as well as other variants).

Developing skills regarding physical assessment, monitoring, treatment and nursing care with a holistic approach and education of the patients in before and after surgery in system and organ diseases requiring surgical intervention, as well as clinical decision-making and critical thinking.

Main bacterial virulence factors, immune defense mechanisms against specific virulence factors, definition and consequences of virulence, structural virulence factors of gram positive and negative bacteria, immune clearance mechanisms for structural virulence factors, secreted virulence factors, anti-virulence strategies to combat bacterial infections.

Viral replication, virus-host relationship, antiviral agents and emerging or re-emerging viral agents such as COVID-19 pandemic, HIV, Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever, viruses in our world, epidemiology of emerging and re-emerging viruses, viral biology and pathogenesis, public health impact of viral infections, prevention and control strategies.

Main objective of this course is to teach the role of the endocrine system in controlling all systems of the body, with coordination with the nervous system. The similarities and the differences between the nervous and the endocrine systems with regard to the control of homeostasis will be analyzed. This class will focus on glandular secretions, the major endocrine glands and hormone-producing tissues and how their hormones govern body activities, metabolism and energy balance, control growth and development, and regulate operation of reproductive systems. This class aims to give an essential basic knowledge of endocrine physiology. On completion of this course the students will be aware of the effect of each hormone on its targeted tissue. The students will be able to explain negative and positive feedback mechanisms of hormones.

In this course, the basic physiological systems, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, blood and excretory system working mechanisms will be discussed in detail separately. In addition, their interaction and coordinated work with each other on the basis of ensuring body homeostasis will be studied, including possible pathologies.

The history, archaeology, art and architecture of societies and civilizations of the Mediterranean region from the prehistory until the 15th century AD. Focusing on the examination, discussion and analysis of the art, architecture, history and religion of various civilizations in Anatolia, Near East, the Levant, Northern Africa, Greece and western Mediterranean countries. Some basic questions such as exchange, continuity and discontinuity, trade, migration, traditions and innovations.

The roots of the crusading movement in Western Christian society; the ways in which the crusades brought three world cultures (Western Europe, Byzantium and the Islamic Near East) into contact and confrontation; the type of cultural interaction that took place and the impact of the crusades in the societies of the Eastern Mediterranean.

This course will examine the multi-layered history of Istanbul, focusing primarily on the built environment. In a chronological fashion, the course will explore changes and continuities in the urban space in relation to the city's political, social and economic history, from the Byzantine imperial capital to its transformation into an Ottoman city, and from an Ottoman into a modern city in the Late Ottoman and Republican periods. Within the chronological framework, the course will give a thematic overview over fortifications, imperial palaces, mosques, churches, synagogues, modest neighborhoods, commercial centers, and spaces for civic ritual and entertainment.

This course will examine the multi-layered history of Istanbul, focusing primarily on the built environment. In a chronological fashion, the course will explore changes and continuities in the urban space in relation to the city's political, social and economic history, from the Byzantine imperial capital to its transformation into an Ottoman city, and from an Ottoman into a modern city in the Late Ottoman and Republican periods. Within the chronological framework, the course will give a thematic overview over fortifications, imperial palaces, mosques, churches, synagogues, modest neighborhoods, commercial centers, and spaces for civic ritual and entertainment.

Introduction to many of the religious traditions from the Mediterranean and Near Eastern regions including ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, the Hittites, Judaism and Christianity. Study of the history and cultural contexts of these religions in order to better understand how the belief systems developed over time.

An examination of the relationships between truth and power through the history of philosophy from the Greeks to the 20th century. Assessment of the relations between knowledge and political authority through the examination of key texts from Plato, Descartes, Kant, Rousseau, Nietzsche, Marx, etc. Contextualized elucidation of various models of government through their reliance on philosophical and theological worldviews. Examination of the political implication of scientific and philosophical developments.

An introduction to key aspects of the History of Science and Technology from ancient times to today. Investigating the changing relationship between culture and science and technology, and traces the history of ideas from antiquity to the modern day such as experimentation, the scientific method, a heliocentric solar system, and various ways of measuring and understanding time.

A musicological survey of Istanbul from Byzantium to today. Musics of various residing cultures, subcultures, and communities will be investigated, including different traditions, performers, styles, and genres. While the main concentration is on music, contextual backgrounds would also be reviewed. Scholarly and popular texts from various sources as well as a rich musical repertoire will be covered. Musical training or background in music is not necessary.

Events and ideas of the 20th-century foreign policy. Analysis of the major global events from the Turkish perspective. Foreign policy strategies from the foundation of the Republic of Turkey to the 21st century. Relations of Turkey with neighboring countries as well as with global powers as the US within the period concerned. Locating Turkey within its own region but also international context, with the ability to connect the 20th century with the 21st century.

An introductory-level course to delve into the geospatial analysis of Istanbul's urban evolution spanning from the 1920s to the present day. Familiarizing our students with a curriculum of the introductory applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) relevant to social sciences and humanities.

This course aims to provide students with knowledge and understanding of the role of immunological mechanisms in the development and treatment of diseases. Clinician-scientists will explain the course, and the topics will be covered through diseases that are their research areas. The topics will be handled interactively with new literature. Students will be assessed based on their final exams and their performance in presentations and their participation in the scientific discussion.

Programmed cell death mechanisms, autophagy and immune responses, immunology of reproduction, immune response to bacterial and viral infections, microbioata and immune response, induction and therapeutic applications of pluripotent stem cells, immunology of Multiple Sclerosis, regulation of cellular aging, CRISPR-Cas9 technology, engineering placenta organoids with enhanced immune function, targeting cell cycle of tumors, immunological disorders of eye.